Perpetual Edict .281667.29 and the Rampjaar 1672 Andries de Graeff

-


palace op de dam - seat of amsterdam regent, gerrit berckheyde


in 1667 de graeff 1 of sponsors (the other signers de witt, gillis valckenier , gaspar fagel) of perpetual edict, resolution of states of holland in abolished office of stadtholder in province of holland. @ approximately same time majority of provinces in states-general of netherlands agreed declare office of stadtholder (in of provinces) incompatible office of captain general of dutch republic.


the republic in dangerous position , war france , england seemed imminent. call return of strong military leader orange family gaining momentum, particularly among commoners. number of amsterdam regents had started realise needed seek rapprochement orangists. put increasing pressure on grand pensionary johan de witts position. in 1670, amsterdamse vroedschap (amsterdam city council) led mayors valckenier , coenraad van beuningen decided enter alliance orangists , offer young prince william iii of orange seat on council of state. caused definitive split between de witt , orangist amsterdam group of regents around mayor valckenier. however, de witt managed push turncoats amsterdam city administration , sidelined during vroedschap elections of february 1671.


andries de graeff once again put forward mayor , managed gain control republican faction. during winter of 1671 seemed if – @ least in amsterdam – republicans winning. exceptionally opportune moment commission monumental ceiling painting on amsterdam’s independent position ‘sael’ of mayor’s residence. de graeff had clear message in mind ceiling painting: ‘ware vrijheid’ of republic protected republican regents of amsterdam. paintings gerard de lairesse glorify de graeff family’s role protector of republican state, defender of ‘freedom’. work of art can viewed visual statement opposing return of house of orange.


in 1672, when orangists took power again, de graeff lost position 1 of key states party figure nephews pieter , jacob de graeff , brother-in-law lambert reynst. in year, de graeff attacked amsterdam mob crowd @ haarlemmerpoort.



andries de graeffs city palace in gouden bocht, herengracht 446



coat of arms knights of holy roman empire



coat of arms family de graeff








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Investigation Murder of Brooke Wilberger

-
1 investigation 1.1 initial efforts 1.2 joel patrick courtney 1.2.1 conviction investigation initial efforts a billboard in salem requesting information on brooke wilberger. when wilberger disappeared, police began investigating – against normal procedure. lt. ron noble of corvallis police department said, normally, wait. because adults can come , go please, , wait see if showed maybe next day. however, in case, police officials agreed family wilberger not type of girl disappear on own. wilbergers church organized search citizens of corvallis. the investigation centered on sung koo kim, named person of interest in disappearance. kim later dropped suspect, received 11-year prison sentence multiple counts of burglary , theft of women s personal property in yamhill county, oregon, crimes uncovered while being investigated wilberger disappearance. released in december 2012 after serving 7 years. joel patrick courtney on november 30, 2004, university of new mexico student beaten , rape...
Read more

Chemical properties Squaric acid

-
another, quantum mechanical, way of describing dianion assume π electrons of 2 double-bonded oxygen atoms shifted latter, 4 oxygens become single-bonded -o groups , double positive electric charge left in ring of carbon atoms. in way ring fits hückel s rule aromaticity (2 π-electrons = 4n + 2 n = 0). total symmetry of dianion consequence of charge distribution , aromaticity.
Read more

Geography St Columb Major

-
1 geography 1.1 town 1.2 settlements 1.3 rivers 1.4 protected areas 1.5 transport geography map of st columb major , surrounding area, robert k. dawson, 1810 st columb situated in mid-cornwall, 5 miles (8 km) inland north coast. the parish covers area of 12,884 acres (5,214 ha) or 20.1 square miles (52 km). highest point, @ 709 ft (216 m), castle dinas, site of iron age hill fort 2 miles (3.2 km) east of st columb. of land in parish used farming (both arable , pastoral), small areas of woodland. there moorland in higher northern , eastern parts of parish, notably part of goss moor in southeast, castle downs below castle dinas (east) , area of moorland adjoining rosenannon downs (northeast). vale of lanherne, valley of river menalhyl (see below) famed beauty , occupies area west of town, connecting st columb , st mawgan churchtown. town st columb occupies plateau @ 300 ft (90 m) elevation. north part of town (known bridge ) descends vale of lanher...
Read more