Types Library

1 types

1.1 academic libraries
1.2 children s libraries
1.3 national libraries
1.4 public lending libraries
1.5 reference libraries
1.6 research libraries
1.7 special libraries

types

many institutions make distinction between circulating or lending library, materials expected , intended loaned patrons, institutions, or other libraries, , reference library material not lent out. travelling libraries, such horseback libraries of eastern kentucky , bookmobiles, of lending type. modern libraries mixture of both, containing general collection circulation, , reference collection restricted library premises. also, increasingly, digital collections enable broader access material may not circulate in print, , enables libraries expand collections without building larger facility.

academic libraries


the round reading room of maughan library, main university library of king s college london

academic libraries located on college , university campuses , serve students , faculty of , other academic institutions. academic libraries, @ public institutions, accessible members of general public in whole or in part.

the university library in budapest.

academic libraries libraries hosted in post-secondary educational institutions, such colleges , universities. main function provide support in research , resource linkage students , faculty of educational institution. specific course-related resources provided library, such copies of textbooks , article readings held on reserve (meaning loaned out on short-term basis, matter of hours). academic libraries provide resources not associated libraries, such ability check out laptop computers, web cameras, or scientific calculators.

academic libraries offer workshops , courses outside of formal, graded coursework, meant provide students tools necessary succeed in programs. these workshops may include citations, effective search techniques, journal databases, , electronic citation software. these workshops provide students skills can them achieve success in academic careers (and often, in future occupations), may not learn inside classroom.

the robarts library @ university of toronto, canada.

the academic library provides quiet study space students on campus; may provide group study space, such meeting rooms. in north america, europe, , other parts of world, academic libraries becoming increasingly digitally oriented. library provides gateway students , researchers access various resources, both print/physical , digital. academic institutions subscribing electronic journals databases, providing research , scholarly writing software, , provide computer workstations or computer labs students access journals, library search databases , portals, institutional electronic resources, internet access, , course- or task-related software (i.e. word processing , spreadsheet software). increasingly acting electronic repository institutional scholarly research , academic knowledge, such collection , curation of digital copies of students theses , dissertations.

children s libraries

a children s library in montreal, canada in 1943

children s libraries special collections of books intended juvenile readers , kept in separate rooms of general public libraries. children s libraries have entire floors or wings dedicated them in bigger libraries while smaller ones may have separate room or area children. educational agency seeking acquaint young world s literature , cultivate love reading. work supplements of public schools.

services commonly provided public libraries may include storytelling sessions infants, toddlers, preschool children, or after-school programs, intention of developing literacy skills , love of books. 1 of popular programs offered in public libraries summer reading programs children, families, , adults.

another popular reading program children paws read or similar programs children can read certified therapy dogs. since animals calming influence , there no judgment, children learn confidence , love of reading. many states have these types of programs parents have ask librarian see if available @ local library.

national libraries

national library of wales

a national or state library serves national repository of information, , has right of legal deposit, legal requirement publishers in country need deposit copy of each publication library. unlike public library, national library allows citizens borrow books. often, collections include numerous rare, valuable, or significant works. there wider definitions of national library, putting less emphasis on repository character. first national libraries had origins in royal collections of sovereign or other supreme body of state.

many national libraries cooperate within national libraries section of international federation of library associations , institutions (ifla) discuss common tasks, define , promote common standards, , carry out projects helping them fulfil duties. national libraries of europe participate in european library service of conference of european national librarians (cenl).

public lending libraries


raczyński library, public library of poznań, poland

a public library provides services general public. if library part of countywide library system, citizens active library card around county can use library branches associated library system. library can serve city, however, if not member of county public library system. of materials located within public library available borrowing. library staff decides upon number of items patrons allowed borrow, details of borrowing time allotted. typically, libraries issue library cards community members wishing borrow books. visitors city able obtain public library card.

many public libraries serve community organizations provide free services , events public, such reading groups , toddler story time. many communities, library source of connection vast world, obtainable knowledge , understanding, , entertainment. according study pennsylvania library association, public library services play major role in fighting rising illiteracy rates among youths. public libraries protected , funded public serve.

as number of books in libraries have steadily increased since inception, need compact storage , access adequate lighting has grown. stack system involves keeping library s collection of books in space separate reading room. arrangement arose in 19th century. book stacks evolved standard form in cast iron , steel frameworks supporting bookshelves supported floors, built of translucent blocks permit passage of light (but not transparent, reasons of modesty). introduction of electrical lighting had huge impact on how library operated. use of glass floors largely discontinued, though floors still composed of metal grating allow air circulate in multi-story stacks. more space needed, method of moving shelves on tracks (compact shelving) introduced cut down on otherwise wasted aisle space.

a community library in ethiopia.

library 2.0, term coined in 2005, library s response challenge of google , attempt meet changing needs of users using web 2.0 technology. of aspects of library 2.0 include, commenting, tagging, bookmarking, discussions, use of online social networks libraries, plug-ins, , widgets. inspired web 2.0, attempt make library more user-driven institution.

despite importance of public libraries, routinely having budgets cut state legislature. funding has dwindled badly many public libraries have been forced cut hours , release employees.

poet laureate rita dove s definition of library @ entrance maine state library in augusta, maine


reference libraries

a reference library not lend books , other items; instead, must read @ library itself. typically, such libraries used research purposes, example @ university. items @ reference libraries may historical , unique. many lending libraries contain reference section , holds books, such dictionaries, common reference books, , therefore not lent out. such reference sections may referred reading rooms , may include newspapers , periodicals. example of reading room hazel h. ransom reading room @ harry ransom center of university of texas @ austin, maintains papers of literary agent audrey wood.

quaid-e-azam library in bagh-e-jinnah, lahore, pakistan


research libraries

a research library collection of materials on 1 or more subjects. research library supports scholarly or scientific research , include primary secondary sources; maintain permanent collections , attempt provide access necessary materials. research library academic or national library, large special library may have research library within special field, , few of largest public libraries serve research libraries. large university library may considered research library; , in north america, such libraries may belong association of research libraries. in united kingdom, may members of research libraries uk (rluk).

a research library can either reference library, not lend holdings, or lending library, lend or of holdings. extremely large or traditional research libraries entirely reference in sense, lending none of materials; academic research libraries, @ least in , uk, lend books, not periodicals or other materials. many research libraries attached parental organization , serve members of organization. examples of research libraries include british library, bodleian library @ oxford university , new york public library main branch on 42nd street in manhattan, state public scientific technological library of sibirian branch of russian academy of science.

special libraries

all other libraries, including digital libraries, fall special library category. many private businesses , public organizations, including hospitals, churches, museums, research laboratories, law firms, , many government departments , agencies, maintain own libraries use of employees in doing specialized research related work. depending on particular institution, special libraries may or may not accessible general public or elements thereof. in more specialized institutions such law firms , research laboratories, librarians employed in special libraries commonly specialists in institution s field rather trained librarians, , not required have advanced degrees in library-related field due specialized content , clientele of library.

some special libraries, such governmental law libraries, hospital libraries, , military base libraries commonly open public visitors institution in question. depending on particular library , clientele serves, special libraries may offer services similar research, reference, public, academic, or children s libraries, restrictions such lending books patients @ hospital or restricting public parts of military collection. given highly individual nature of special libraries, visitors special library advised check services , restrictions apply @ particular library.

bookshelf @ beinecke rare book & manuscript library. top floor contains 180,000 volumes. since 1977, books frozen @ -33 degrees prevent spread of insects , diseases.

special libraries distinguished special collections, branches or parts of library intended rare books, manuscripts, , other special materials, though special libraries have special collections of own, typically related library s specialized subject area.

for more information on specific types of special libraries, see law libraries, medical libraries, music libraries, or transportation libraries.