1920s Economy car

trojan utility car

in 1920 trojan in britain made first series of 6 cars works in croydon , final revised production version shown @ 1922 london motor show. agreement reached leyland motors produce cars @ kingston upon thames factory work on reconditioning ex raf wartime trucks running down. arrangement continue until 1928 when leyland wanted factory space truck production. during 7 years of agreement 11,000 cars , 6700 vans made. car known trojan utility car went onto market @ £230, reducing £125 in 1925, same model t ford. nothing conventional. rather chassis car had punt shaped tray housed engine , transmission below seats. similar idea chassis-less design of contemporary 1922 italian lancia lambda luxury car. transmission used chain drive solid tyre shod wheels. 1527-cc engine ingenious hounsfield design started pulling lever on right of driver. prove how economical car run, company ran slogan can afford walk? , calculated on 200 miles (320 km) cost more in shoes , socks cover distance trojan car.

late model ford model t used giving tourist rides @ henry ford museum greenfield village

the astronomical success of model t accelerated after first world war, , time ford made 10 millionth car, half of cars in world fords. successful ford did not purchase advertising between 1917 , 1923; more 15 million model ts manufactured, reaching rate of 9,000 10,000 cars day in 1925, or 2 million annually, more other model of day, @ price of $240. need constant reductions in price through 1920s reflected increasing competition newer designs relatively unchanged , increasingly obsolescent model t.

in 1923 chevrolet developed new car compete model t, chevrolet series m copper-cooled , air-cooled car, designed general motors engineer @ ac delco charles kettering, (who invented points/condenser ignition system in use until 1980s). rare failure him, due uneven cooling of inline four-cylinder engine.

citroën type torpedo 1919

the development of small economy cars occurred in europe. there less emphasis on long-distance automobile travel, need vehicles navigate narrow streets , alleys in towns , cities (many unchanged since medieval times), , narrow , winding roads commonly found in european countryside. ettore bugatti designed small car peugeot. 1911 peugeot bébé type 19. had 850 cc 4-cylinder engine. citroën type first car produced citroën june 1919 december 1921 in paris. citroën had been established produce double bevel gears logo resembles, had ended first world war large production facilities, production of needed artillery shells french army. andre citroen keen adopter of u.s. car manufacturing ideas , technology in 1920s , 1930s. andre citroen re-equipped factory scaled down version of ford river rouge plant, had visited in detroit michigan. advertised europe s first mass production car. type reached production number of 24,093 vehicles. opel 4 ps, germany s first peoples car , popularly known opel laubfrosch (opel treefrog), small two-seater car introduced family owned auto maker opel, in 1924, bore uncanny resemblance little torpedo citroën 5 cv of 1922.

on smaller scale, european cars, such 747 cc austin seven, (which made cyclecars obsolete overnight.) austin 7 considerably smaller ford model t. wheelbase 1,905 millimetres (6 ft 3 in), , track 1,016 millimetres (40 in). equally lighter - less half ford s weight @ 360 kilograms (794 lb). engine required adequate performance therefore equally reduced , 747 cubic centimetres (45.6 cu in) sidevalve quite capable modest 7 kilowatts (10 bhp) output. start catch on in japan during same time period, datsun type 11 may have been pirated, @ start of own automobile industry. produced bmw dixi , bmw 3/15 in germany, rosengart in france french styled bodywork, , american austin car company american styling, (later american bantam) in u.s. displaced motorcycle , sidecar combination popular in europe in 1920s. spawned whole industry of specials builders. swallow sidecars switched making cars based on austin 7 chassis during 1920s, made own complete cars in 1930s ss. advent of nazi germany company changed name: jaguar. 7 continued produced until late 1930s along updated , restyled closed body, known big 7 until world war ii, still on 1920s running gear, enlarged chassis , widened track.

austin 7 chummy tourer 1929



ford tudor sedan, 1929

in late-1920s, general motors overtook ford, u.s. new car market doubled in size, , fragmented niches on wave of prosperity, gm producing range of cars match. included chevrolet economy car entry level model range of cars. small part of marketing strategy - car every purse , purpose of gm head alfred p. sloan. harley earl appointed head of newly formed gm art , color section in 1927. harley earl , alfred p. sloan implemented planned obsolescence , annual model change emphasise design engine success of company s products. moved cars being utilitarian items fashionable status symbols - needed regular replacement keep joneses. later in 1937, art , color section renamed styling section, , few years afterward became 1 of gm technical staff operations styling staff. funded high interest/low regular payments consumer credit, 1920s boom in other consumer durable products. marked beginning of mass market consumerism, had been enabled efficiency of mass production , moving production line. until time, manufacturers of consumer goods concerned, possibility market fulfilled , demand dry up. henry ford wrong-footed staying production oriented 1 size fits all, colour long s black , model t far long. seller s market in new cars in u.s. over. customers wanted choice. 1 model policy had bankrupted ford motor company. end of production in 1927 looked relic era. replaced model a. ford model t voted car of century on december 18, 1999 in las vegas, nevada.

in 1929 chevrolet replaced 171 cu in (2.8 l) straight-4 engine dated 1913, 194 cu in (3.2 l) straight-6 engine or stovebolt 6 last until 1970s chevrolet s base engine. few years later ford developed model 18 221 cu in (3.6 l) flathead v8. same car available reworked model engine, marketed until 1933 (in u.s.) model b. in europe, remained in ford lineup, ford v8 in britain in 1930s re-styled , relaunched post-war ford pilot. viewed large cars in europe. 1932 ford v8 (model 18) coupe became car of choice post-war hot rodders. first v8 engine in low priced car, , along chevrolet 6, showed how u.s. diverging rest of world in ideas constituted basic economy car.

in 1928 morris launched first morris minor (1928) in britain compete austin seven. year german motorcycle manufacturer dkw launched first car, p15, rear-wheel-drive, wood-and-fabric bodied monocoque car, powered 600 cc inline two-cylinder two-stroke engine.

also, in 1920s, ford (with model t in manchester, england), general motors (who took on opel in germany , vauxhall in britain), expanded europe. ford , gm european cars, economy cars, technologically conservative , rear-wheel-drive smaller european size, improvements focused on styling, (apart introduction of 1935 monocoque opel olympia, , macpherson strut ford in 1950s), until late 1970s , 1980s.

dkw f1 saloon



tatra v570 1933