Language production errors Psycholinguistics

the analysis of systematic errors in speech, writing , typing of language produced can provide evidence of process has generated it. errors of speech, in particular, grant insight how mind processes language production while speaker in midst of utterance. speech errors tend occur in lexical, morpheme, , phoneme encoding steps of language production, seen ways errors can manifest. the types of speech errors, , examples, are:

substitutions (phoneme , lexical) – replacing sound unrelated sound, or word antonym, , saying verbal outfit instead of verbal output , or rode bike tomorrow instead of ...yesterday , respectively,
blends – mixing 2 synonyms , saying my stummy hurts in place of either stomach or tummy ,
exchanges (phoneme [a.k.a. spoonerisms] , morpheme) – swapping 2 onset sounds or 2 root words, , saying you hissed my mystery lectures instead of you missed my history lectures , or re turking talkish instead of re talking turkish , respectively,
morpheme shifts – moving function morpheme such -ly or -ed different word , saying easy enoughly instead of easily enough ,
perseveration – continuing start word sound in utterance , saying john gave the goy ball instead of john gave the boy ball , and
anticipation – replacing sound 1 coming later in utterance , saying drank cot cup of tea instead of drank hot cup of tea.

speech errors occur in stages involve lexical, morpheme, or phoneme encoding, , not first step of semantic encoding. this can credited how speaker still conjuring idea of say, , unless changes mind, can not mistaken in wanted say.