Jumping Track and field

1 jumping

1.1 long jump
1.2 triple jump
1.3 high jump
1.4 pole vault

jumping
long jump

naide gomes in jumping phase of event

the long jump 1 of oldest track , field events, having roots 1 of events within ancient greek pentathlon contest. athletes take short run , jump area of dug earth, winner being 1 jumped farthest. small weights (halteres) held in each hand during jump swung , dropped near end gain momentum , distance. modern long jump, standardised in england , united states around 1860, bears resemblance ancient event although no weights used. athletes sprint along length of track leads jumping board , sandpit. athletes must jump before marked line , achieved distance measured nearest point of sand disturbed athlete s body.

the athletics competition @ first olympics featured men s long jump competition , women s competition introduced @ 1948 summer olympics. professional long jumpers typically have strong acceleration , sprinting abilities. however, athletes must have consistent stride allow them take off near board while still maintaining maximum speed. in addition traditional long jump, standing long jump contest exists requires athletes leap static position without run-up. men s version of event featured on olympic programme 1900 1912.

triple jump


olga rypakova performing triple jump in 2012

similar long jump, triple jump takes place on track heading towards sandpit. originally, athletes hop on same leg twice before jumping pit, changed current hop, step , jump pattern 1900 onwards. there dispute on whether triple jump contested in ancient greece: while historians claim contest of 3 jumps occurred @ ancient games, others such stephen g. miller believe incorrect, suggesting belief stems mythologised account of phayllus of croton having jumped 55 ancient feet (around 16.3 m). book of leinster, 12th-century irish manuscript, records existence of geal-ruith (triple jump) contests @ tailteann games.

the men s triple jump competition has been ever-present @ modern olympics, not until 1993 women s version gained world championship status , went on have first olympic appearance 3 years later. men s standing triple jump event featured @ olympics in 1900 , 1904, such competitions have since become uncommon, although still used non-competitive exercise drill.

high jump

the first recorded instances of high jumping competitions in scotland in 19th century. further competitions organised in 1840 in england , in 1865 basic rules of modern event standardised there. athletes have short run , take off 1 foot jump on horizontal bar , fall onto cushioned landing area. men s high jump included in 1896 olympics , women s competition followed in 1928.

jumping technique has played significant part in history of event. high jumpers typically cleared bar feet first in late 19th century, using either scissors, eastern cut-off or western roll technique. straddle technique became prominent in mid-20th century, dick fosbury overturned tradition pioneering backwards , head-first technique in late 1960s – fosbury flop – won him gold @ 1968 olympics. technique has become overwhelming standard sport 1980s onwards. standing high jump contested @ olympics 1900 1912, relatively uncommon outside of use exercise drill.

pole vault

anna giordano bruno releases pole after clearing bar

in terms of sport, use of poles vaulting distances recorded in fierljeppen contests in frisian area of europe, , vaulting height seen @ gymnastics competitions in germany in 1770s. 1 of earliest recorded pole vault competitions in cumbria, england in 1843. basic rules , technique of event originated in united states. rules required athletes not move hands along pole , athletes began clearing bar feet first , twisting stomach faces bar. bamboo poles introduced in 20th century , metal box in runway planting pole became standard. landing mattresses introduced in mid-20th century protect athletes clearing increasingly greater heights.

the modern event sees athletes run down strip of track, plant pole in metal box, , vault on horizontal bar before letting go of pole , falling backwards onto landing mattress. while earlier versions used wooden, metal or bamboo, modern poles made artificial materials such fibreglass or carbon fibre. pole vault has been olympic event since 1896 men, on 100 years later first women s world championship competition held @ 1997 iaaf world indoor championships. first women s olympic pole vaulting competition occurred in 2000.