History Kranj

1 history

1.1 prehistory , antiquity
1.2 middle ages
1.3 renaissance
1.4 modern era
1.5 second world war

1.5.1 mass grave

history
prehistory , antiquity

archaeological finds show kranj settled in prehistoric times. discoveries include bronze ax found in drulovka, hallstatt-era graves in northern part of town above bank of kokra river, testifying illyrian settlement, , burial site in southern part of town above left bank of sava river, indicating celtic settlement. romans founded settlement of carnium @ confluence of sava , kokra. in 6th century, major germanic settlement stood @ same site, , ostrogothic cemetery discovered nearby. gothic settlement continued lombards , existed until c. ad 580, when destroyed invading slavs.

middle ages

traces of old slavic settlement (a slavic burial site) date 9th , 10th centuries. seat of margraves of carniola in 11th century, important settlement in territory. town believed have developed in 13th century; citizens of town of kranj appear in document 1221, , kranj officially referred town in 1256. seat of court jurisdiction extended between of radovljica , kamnik. in 1414 decision issued relieving citizens of town paying tolls. in 1422 ordinance required houses built of stone prevent fires. parish school established in kranj in 1423, , same year right granted kranj elect own judge. kranj laid waste in 1471 in ottoman attack. emperor frederick iii granted kranj right collect tolls in documents 1488 , 1493, , 1493 document granted town right hold fairs twice year. town hospice records date 15th century.

crafts developed in kranj during middle ages. mills first developed along sava , kokra rivers, , followed butchers, fur merchants, hide , wood processors, , weavers of canvas , woolen cloth. habsburg efforts maintain vienna s monopoly on trade italy resulted in trade routes bypassing kranj.

renaissance

kranj affected peasant revolts in 16th century; leaders of 1515 peasant revolt beheaded in kranj, , in 1525, when new revolt threatened carniola, hussars commanded johann katzianer occupied town , caused more damage ottomans had inflicted half century earlier. in 1668 half of houses in kranj destroyed fire, , entire town burned in 1749. kranj affected plague outbreaks in 1552, 1557, 1625, 1627, , 1657. in mid-16th century, of townspeople converted protestantism; merchants of kranj opened protestant school , slovenian books protestant authors imported germany. protestant reformation in kranj led gašpar rokavec, succeeded jernej knafel after death. knafel forced withdraw kranj brdo castle during counter-reformation.

economically, teamster services developed in kranj in 16th century, connections rest of upper carniola , carinthia. there several blacksmith workshops , 2 foundries along sava river. sieve-making developed @ time; horsehair imported around europe , sieves exported france, belgium, germany, , greece. several breweries , leather works operated in town. kranj went economic decline in 17th century, when there emigration town, leaving many houses empty, , business did not revive again until second half of 18th century.

modern era

veduta of kranj anton hayne, 1st half of 19th c., national museum of slovenia

kranj affected plague outbreaks in 1836 , 1855. slovene reading room established in 1863. artisans workshops became established in kranj in 19th century, roots going number of painters in 17th , 18th centuries. prominent among these workshop of josip egartner jr. (1833–1905), settled in kranj in 1875. upper secondary school established in 1861, , vocational school textile workers opened in 1930. water supply system installed in kranj in 1901, supplied Čemšenik spring on kokra river.

there limited industry in kranj until late 19th century. until time, trade in agricultural products, livestock, , wood economically important. majdič mill, operated 1874 until second world war, industry, producing 70,000 kg (154,324 lb) of milled products per day. leather factory established in 1875. large-scale industrialization occurred after first world war, starting founding of rubber factory in 1921. jugo-Češka textile works established in 1923. additional textile works established after this, making kranj 1 of important centers of textile manufacturing in pre-war yugoslavia. major strike textile workers occurred in 1936, when occupied factories. 2 shoe factories established in 1925, , bakery in 1937.

second world war

planina mass grave

during second world war, kranj, along rest of northern slovenia, annexed nazi germany. german authorities dismantled jugo-Češka textile works, replacing machinery equipment produce aircraft. on 21 march 1944, german forces discovered several communist activists , functionaries @ Šorli mill in rupa in northern part of town, military supplies partisans being stored. 3 of men @ mill killed , german forces burned mill.

mass grave

kranj site of mass grave period after second world war. planina mass grave (slovene: grobišče planina) located in small woods in field near city cemetery. contains remains of undetermined number of people murdered after war; victims may german prisoners of war, home guard soldiers repatriated austria, or slovene civilians kranj , surrounding area.